We shouldn’t be having methane in the atmosphere in the first place. Sure, if you produce the hydrogen from natural gas then you have a problem because that stuff comes with plenty of methane which won’t suddenly stop leaking.
We shouldn’t be having methane in the atmosphere in the first place. Sure, if you produce the hydrogen from natural gas then you have a problem because that stuff comes with plenty of methane which won’t suddenly stop leaking.
I wouldn’t mind smoking a joint now and then but under the current scheme, with either club membership or home-growing, I’d have to commit to buying a whole butt-load of weed.
Requiring residency to buy is perfectly sufficient to quell tourism, though I think there should be exceptions for people from countries with legal weed because they’re not going to come here to smoke. It doesn’t mean out-sourcing the distribution of small amounts to the black market.
A year? Feckless Americans holding back statements again, it seems. Europe is certainly in for the long haul. Also plenty of countries not ruling out boots on the ground. In fact the US not having a clear stance of “you use tactical nukes we’re going to put them onto Ukrainian soil” or similar is yet another instance of fecklessness.
You may think yourself smart and strategic but in the end you’re a salami, sitting there motionless, being sliced.
Attempted murder, which this was, regularly (as in in almost all cases) means you get a rebate on that life sentence in Germany. Depending on circumstances it’s going to be 3-15 years. In any case also a life-long sentence means parole after minimum 15, median 17, average, 18.9 years, only 13% >25 years.
People dying in prison is quite rare because, overall, unrepentant nasty pieces of work are rare… and Ali Bashar happens to be one of those cases: Murderer-rapist, court declared notable gravity of his guilt, meaning the minimum to parole is 20, also, even if he gets out on parole (most likely not after 20 years) courts reserved the right to put him in preventive detention, meaning he’d be out of the prison regime (bedtime and whatnot) but still in lockup. Essentially an asylum for the not criminally insane.
From all that I’ve seen electricity lines (also HVDC) have higher transmission losses by a magnitude. With hydrogen and modern material science you’ll probably have the choice between higher losses and embrittlement, but that’s just another economical equation: Do you want to eat the higher losses, or replace the pipeline in a couple of decades or a century.
At least environment-wise hydrogen leaks aren’t an issue: Some atoms diffusing through the wall don’t constitute a fire hazard and the end result is water. Methane, OTOH, is a nasty greenhouse gas.
Speaking of nature: Ammonia is nasty, but nature produces it itself (just not at those concentrations) and can deal with it. The site directly surrounding a leak would be dead, a bit further downstream (literally) there’s going to be over-fertilisation. Not nice but definitely better than an oil leak and fixing it quite literally involves waiting until grass has grown over it as rain dilutes it and microorganisms migrate back in to eat it. Similar things apply to ethanol which I’d say would be a better choice for general use such as hybrid cars, camping stoves and whatnot because it’s not going to burn your lungs away. Can’t rely on people being conscious enough to get up and flee the ammonia stench when they’re in a car accident.
Burning methane also produces steam. Methane produces 891 kJ/mol, hydrogen 286 kJ/mol, methane has four hydrogen atoms that’d be 1144 kJ per what should the unit be in any case: Methane produces less heat per unit of produced water than hydrogen (the hydrogen first needs to get ripped off the carbon). Those ovens burn dryer than your current gas oven.
Never used steam when making pizza, they’re not in there long enough for steam to make a difference. For bread it’s indispensable to get a proper crust, though.
EDIT: Did I get moles right? It’s been a while and I am no chemist.
Back in the early days of gas infrastructure, before wide-spread electrification, you know gas street lights and everything, the gas was produced by gasifying coal, resulting in gas that was often over 50% hydrogen, with only ~20% methane. Rest nitrogen and CO.
Natural gas has a methane content upwards of 75%, which meant that everyone had to switch out their burner nozzles but the rest of the infrastructure stayed intact.
All this is to say: Nothing about is really new or rocket science. Europe is certainly creating a backbone pipeline network for hydrogen, parts of it new pipes, other parts re-purposed natural gas pipes, many were built to a standard that allows them to carry hydrogen though some valves etc. might need upgrading. Some of those were originally built for hydrogen in the first place, and checking Wikipedia there’s actually a 240km segment in the Ruhr area, built in 1938, still in operation, which always carried hydrogen. Plain steel but comparatively low-pressure so it works.
Oh and have another number: According to Fraunhofer, Germany’s pipeline network can store three months of total energy usage (electricity, transportation, everything). Not in storage tanks, but just by operating the pipelines themselves at higher or lower pressure.
And we need that stuff one way or the other: Even if tomorrow ten thousand fusion plants go online that doesn’t mean that the chemical industry doesn’t need feedstock, or that reducing steel with electricity would make sense. Both of those things need hydrogen.
Fusion is still in the future so the plan is to import most of that hydrogen, mostly from Canada and Namibia, in tankers carrying ammonia which is way more efficient that trying to compress hydrogen also ammonia is needed for some processes anyway.
All three paragraphs are written by wikipedia authors summing up longer texts by various scholars. If you want to actually engage with the topic on a deeper level, read those scholars, not just the summary. It’s all linked (those numbers in brackets). Ignore the Christian if you please, noone will blame you.
So you picked out one non-Muslim (a scholar of comparative religion) among the many Muslims, with doctorates in Islamic Law from Arab universities and everything, to dismiss all of it.
I tried not to but I have to start to doubt your intellectual honesty. Not towards me, I don’t care, but towards yourself.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijab#Alternative_views
“Clear and decisive scholarly consensus” my ass. There might be if you’re ignoring everyone who disagrees.
There’s no mention of Hijabs in the Quran and “dress modestly” is very much relative. You also may or may not see Turks drinking plum wine but they’re definitely drinking beer and most definitely Raki.
I’d be willing to introduce national backsides to Euro notes so they can put their King’s mug on it.
Because they went to Eton which teaches important skills such as talking utter bollocks with absolute confidence. People trust them.
Not to mention that the UK originally joined the EC in the early 70s precisely to fix its economical problems.
Joining the EU might indeed be a bit off because everybody is weary of a not actually fully committed UK but that doesn’t mean the UK can’t join the single market, or at least a customs union. Turkey currently is more closely integrated with the EU than the UK is.
The whole situation is BS in the first place, back in the days the concept of gender was introduced to allow some flexibility in the social aspects while keeping sex (as in phenotype) a binary which science already knew it wasn’t. Bimodal distribution, yes, binary, no. Things get complicated fast once you go past egg cells and sperm, that’s the only actual binary that exists.
English in particular uses transsexual because back in the days activists wanted to avoid associations with sexuality, to not get tangled up in people’s homophobic sentiments. Other language use precisely that term, transsexual. Hirschfeld coined “transvestite”, back then a catch-all term for behaviour not conforming to your sex assigned at birth (and you could get a transvestite pass in Imperial Germany to stop the police harassing you for “inciting public disorder”), Benjamin coined “transsexual”, in English, as a diagnosis separate to “just liking to dress up differently”, it got replaced later on don’t ask me for a source right now.
It’s not genocide for the same reason that straight-up euthanising, say, schizophrenics isn’t: Neither are a people, but a subset of every people.
I’d lump it in with eugenics but genocide is catchy so I’ll permit it despite better semantic judgement.
EDIT: What, y’all disagreeing with me about the use of “genocide” being politically opportune?
Detractors have that fixation on straws, for the EU legislature it was just another regulation among many.
Also the plastic straw fixation is now kinda fading in favour of attached bottle caps. People will literally lose 50 IQ points and stub their nose to spite Berlaymont instead of rotating the bottle 90 degrees.
Btw, the democratic tradition in Germany was barely 14 years old
The SPD was founded 1863. Germany had been a constitutional monarchy with a parliament for quite a while, based on Prussia’s introduction of the thing in 1848. That was introduced not so much by grace of the King but because of the people demanding it.
And, no, the Americans didn’t have a plan going into Germany, either. Not having plans is kind of their thing. They didn’t even plan on entering the war, remember. I could go into endless detail here but that e.g. VW still exists is due to the Brits, definitely not US policy, and let’s not forget the French keen on overcoming arch enmity and turning it around into European integration.
We had just come out of commiting the worst genocide in history and most of us cheered for it.
For claiming to be German you know preciously little German history.
Under the american occupation, afghan women and minorities enjoyed more protection and participation than they ever had in the last 100 years.
Yes. And it was a grave mistake to not arm the women. Imagine the Taliban trying to take Kabul if there were two or three women battalions around, very much fighting in self-interest, calling their male colleagues limp-dicked over not putting up a fight.
There’s three more currently in parliament, including a Nazi (Harald Weyel, AfD).
Noone here is planning to inject hydrogen into existing pipelines. If anything, synthesising methane during the transition so that consumers only have to switch their burners once, from nat gas to hydrogen, and not first to nat gas + more hydrogen and then to pure hydrogen. Gotta switch whole municipalities at once doesn’t make sense to duplicate the last-mile gas pipes. If, and that’s not even clear yet, hydrogen pipes will even be a thing for private consumers.